Junon Business Development Centre - Research Project - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2901 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Table of Contents Pages Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Junon Business Development Centre Research Project" essay for you Create order Executive Summary 3 Section 1 Introduction 4 5 Purpose of research Project Background Scope and limitation of research Literature Review 6 Research Objectives 7 Methodology 8 Section 2 Findings Analysis Recommendations Conclusions   References Rewwright KOnshens94 Executive Summary This project is dived into four different sections. LO1 LO2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Measure of dispersion, quartiles, percentiles and coefficient correlation are used to show the results from the questionnaire. Also a conclusion will be done from answers of the questionnaire. LO3 LO4 Introduction This qualitative research includes a project background, purpose, objectives, methodology and literature review. Qualitative research, also called field research, typically involves fieldwork in which the researcher observes and records behaviour and events in their natural setting Direct observation is distinguished from participant observation in a number of ways. First, a direct observer doesnt typically try to become a participant in the context. However, the direct observer does strive to be as unobtrusive as possible so as not to bias the observations. Direct observation tends to be more focused than participant observation. The researcher is observing certain sampled situations or people rather than trying to become immersed in the entire context. Finally, direct observation tends not to take as long as participant observation. For instance, the manager is watching the employees under specific circumstances in the bakery setting from behind a one-way mirror, looking especially for the nonverbal cues being used. Unstructured interviewing involves direct interaction between the researcher and a respondent or group. It differs from traditional structured interviewing in several important ways. First, although the researcher may have some initial guiding questions or core concepts to ask about, there is no formal structured instrument or protocol. Second, the interviewer is free to move the conversation in any direction of interest that may come up. Consequently, unstructured interviewing is particularly useful for exploring a topic broadly. However, there is a price for this lack of structure. Because each interview tends to be unique with no predetermined set of questions asked of all respondents, it is usually more difficult to analyse unstructured interview data, especially when synthesizing across respondents. Purpose of this research The purpose of this research is to analyse the business and prepare a proposal for the clients. Background I am a senior partner at Junon Business Development Centre (JBDC), a consulting firm that was founded 17 years ago. JBDC analyzes existing and start-up businesses, creates ideas and solutions to problems, and helps small businesses develop an effective plan for meeting their goals. Our advisors and consultants have experienced in real life business management. The Junon Business Development Centre is there to give solutions and information on businesses and related topics relevant to entrepreneurs and small businesses. JBDC was hired by a group of investors to acquire a small business for them. The company that will be acquired is Deliciosos Bakery. Deliciosos Bakery is an existing business which is located in Kingston, Jamaica. The bakery specializes in the manufacturing of quality whole-wheat bread, bun, cakes and others. Their products are sold in the supermarkets and other retail outlets. Deliciosos Bakery has been around for a couple years. Four years ago it was purchased by Jordan Smith and his wife Rasheda Smith, they both represent financial and culinary expertise, respectively but they did a little research on the business before purchasing it. They are now encountering a number of challenges that seem insurmountable. They want to find solutions to the many challenges the business is undergoing. After Deliciosos has been acquired the investors will seek to make the business become profitable and sustainable and be ready to meet global challenges by using operations management, which will allow them to be one of the best bakeries in town. Scope and limitation of research In this study, I have gathered some information on using measures of dispersion to show descriptive statistics. Different types of graphs such pie chart; line graph and bar graph were used to disseminate information, using a wide variety of sources for the collection of data. Understand the range of techniques to analyse data effectively for business purposes and Producing information in appropriate formats for decision making in an organisational context. There were a few limitations in this research. Some of these are: Finding the correct texts to be used Information collected was out-dated. Research Objectives To use a variety of sources for the collection of data, both primary and secondary. To understand a range of techniques to analyse data effectively for business purposes. To produce information in appropriate formats for decision making in an organisational context. To use software-generated information to make decisions in an organisation. Methodology A methodology can be defined as the process used to collect data for the purpose of making business decision and collect information and data. This research will partially base its finding through qualitative research methods because this permits the flexible and iterative approach. This method was also chosen because surveys and questionnaires were used to conduct the research and gather data. It is also about exploring issues and understanding phenomena and a technique that was used to go deep into the subjects of importance and scrutinize obstructions related to the delay, which the firm faced. Research will be conducted by doing the following: Gathering information about the business operations. This will be done by conducting a survey and doing a questionnaire. After all information is collected then we can assess, evaluate and justify the different operations management and processes to use to achieve the aims and objectives of the business. Secondary research was also used to gathered information. This is because it gives the reader a wider range of information to gather from the different sources which can be justify and analyzed in order to achieve the tasks. In addition, the use of secondary data will also give efficiency in term of saving time to conduct this research. Examples of some of the secondary research that were used are the internet, newspaper, books and journals. To achieve the aims and objectives of Bacchanale Restaurant, Junon Business Development Centre will do a business report for the new investors who have limited business strategy knowledge. Create plan for the collection of primary and secondary data for a given business problem The plan is to find out why Deliciosos Bakery is not making sales, why employees arenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t comfortable and why customers are not purchasing from them anymore. Deliciosos bakery has been around for a number of years. They use to perform well but as of late things are just not going the right way. The researcher will be conduct a survey and using a questionnaire to get results. Primary and secondary data will be used to collect information as well. Secondary data that has been collect elsewhere for other reasons but can be used for this survey that is being conducted. The secondary data being used is geographical data. Primary data that is use is data that is collected from the research himself and analyse them. Present the survey methodology and sampling frame used. Sample frame is the population of persons who purchase Deliciosos bakery baked products and pastries. From the sample frame there will be a target audience of age ranging from 10 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 19 from the area of Kingston, Jamaica. Design a questionnaire for a given business problem. Customer Questionnaire 1. What is your gender? Female Male 2. Which category below includes your age? 17 or younger 18-20 21-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or older 3. Do you like Deliciosos Bakery, neither like nor dislike it, or dislike it? Like a great deal Like a moderate amount Like a little Neither like nor dislike Dislike a little Dislike a moderate amount Dislike a great deal 4. Overall, are you satisfied with the employees at our company, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with them, or dissatisfied with them? Extremely satisfied Moderately satisfied Slightly satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Slightly dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Extremely dissatisfied 5. How friendly are the staffs at our organization? Extremelyfriendly Quite friendly Moderately friendly Slightly friendly Not at all friendly 6. Compared to our competitors, are our services prices higher, lower, or about the same? Compared to our competitors, are our services prices higher, lower, or about the same? Agreatdealhigher Quite a bit higher Somewhathigher About the same Somewhatlower Quite a bit lower A great deal lower Dontknow 7. Compared to our competitors, is our service quality better, worse, or about the same? Agreatdealbetter Quiteabitbetter Somewhat better About the same Somewhat worse Quiteabitworse Agreatdeal worse Dontknow 8. What changes would most improve our products? Employee Questionnaire Are you comfortable with the benefits you receive? __ Yes __ No Are you comfortable working at the bakery? __ Yes __ No What changes you would like to see at the bakery? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.1 Create information for decision making by summarizing data using representative value. After the answer from the questionnaire was analyzed it can be shown why Deliciosos Bakery is not getting any sales, why they are not getting sales, why they are no customers and why there is no profit based on the information that has been collected the investors can make changes to the area that needs improvement. The customer survey showed that the prices of the bakery are nowhere near the prices of their competitors. It also showed that the products sold are not the same as how they used to, they taste different. Sales have declined tremendously. Majority of persons that took part in the survey were female. The business need to do more promotion to let the bakery be known to the public. Based on the questionnaire given to the employees they are not comfortable and the want to receive more benefits. They had alit of suggestion on ways the bakery can be improved. 2.2 Analyse the result to draw valid conclusion in a business context. It can be shown where Deliciosos bakery have went wrong and how or what they need to do to increase profit and be on top of their competitors. In order for Deliciosos bakery to get back to where they use to be they can venture into opening a new bakery and offering a wider selection of baked goods and pastries. Hiring a pastry chef to do special cakes will also get more customers to purchase from them. Seeing that the sales of the company has decreased they could do some promotion via social media (Facebook, Twitter) and also create a website. Using social media will get the public attention more because people are on their phone and computer and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s easier to access the information and get the information they want. Another way they can promote the business id doing advertisement via radio and television. Deliciosos bakery can attract customers by giving away free pastries to them if they answered a trivia correctly or give them a gift voucher. As it relate to the employees, the company can award them with appraisal for example employee of the month/week and bonus on their pay if they have perform well. The owners also need to train their employees before putting them out to the customers. Employees are usually the face of the company therefore it is important that they are trained to deal the customers the right way. If these customers are treated properly they will return to make more purchase. If the business follows all these steps the business will get back on the right track and there will be an increase in profit and sales. 2.3 Analyse data using measures of dispersion to inform a given business context. Question #3 from the questionnaire will be used to calculate measure of dispersion. Question: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Do you like the products Deliciosos sells?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Results: Number of persons answered Like a little 4 Like a moderate amount 7 Like a great deal 3 Dislike a little 2 Dislike a moderate amount 10 Dislike a great amount 2 Mean = 10+7+3+2+2+4 = 24 = 4 6 6 Mode = 2 Median = 0 Variance = x ² = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (x x)  ² N 1 10 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 4 = 6 = 36 7- 4 = 3 = 9 3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 4 = -1 = 1 2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1 = -2 = 4 4 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 4 = 0 = 0 2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 4 = -2 = 4 Total = 54 = 10.8 5 SD = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡10.8 = 3.286 2.4 Explain how quartile, percentile and the correlation coefficient are used to draw useful conclusion in a business context. Correlation coefficientsare used in statistics to measure how strong a relationship is between two variables. There are several types of correlation coefficient: Pearsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s correlation orPearson correlationis acorrelation coefficient commonly used in linear regression. Pearsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Correlation Coefficient returns a value of between -1 and +1. A -1 means there is a strong negative correlation and +1 means that there is a strong positive correlation. SUBJECT Number Of Pastries Sold PRice XY X2 Y2 1 24 cupcakes 1500 36000 576 2250000 2 10 cinnamon roll 1200 12000 100 1440000 3 2 chocolate cake 3220 6440 4 10368400 4 4 cookies 100 400 8 1600 TOTAL 40 6020 54840 688 14060000 3.1 Produce graphs using spread sheets and draw valid conclusion based on the information derived. Based on the pie chart above it can be shown that more females participated in the survey than male. As shown in the diagram above people from ages 10 to 59 purchases at Deliciosos bakery with majority of the purchases coming from ages 10 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 19 years. It is clear that most of the employees working at Deliciosos bakery are not comfortable working there. 16 persons said no and 8 said yes. 3.2 Create trend lines in spread sheet graphs to assist in forecasting for specific business information. 3.3 Prepare a business presentation using suitable software and technique to disseminate information effectively. 3.4 Produce a formal business report. Terms of Reference Jordan Smith and Rasheda Smith, Managers at Deliciosos Bakery have requested a report on employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s satisfaction. The report was to be submitted to them by 8 June. Procedure All employees were given a questionnaire and about 10% was interviewed face-to-face in the period of May 10th concerning: Overall satisfaction that they are given. Problem that they are having with management. Problems they are having with other employees. Suggestions of how they want to be treated and what needs to be improve as it relates to the employees being satisfy. They all wanted to be treated with respect and receive appraisals. Findings Employees are not satisfied with the way they are treated. Some problems they had with management are they are not being paid for overtime and when they apply for vacation it either take long to approve or ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s not given to them. Older employees were not satisfied with how the manager paid them. They had no problems with their employees. They donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t receive any insurance so if they are hurt at work they have to spend from their own pockets. Conclusion Management need to improve on how they deal with their staff. Benefits should be revised seeing that majority of the complaints are on what they receive. Mangers need to make it their responsibility to see that the workers are being paid when they work overtime. Older employees should be paid more than the lower level employees because they are there for a long time. Recommendations The managers should discuss among themselves the serious complaints they have received pertaining to how they treat the employees. Answer to the employees request quicker and stop rejecting them from getting leave. Give the older employees the satisfaction and benefits they deserve. 4.1 Use appropriate information processing tools The management information system is an information processing tool that provides information on the business operations and gives operational data for planning, scheduling and controlling, The type of data Deliciosos Bakery use are: Decision Support System This is mostly used by managers and it gives them the necessary information needed to make intelligent decision. Transaction Processing system à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Used by the finance manage, it is used to create invoices when the bakery has purchased materials from other companies. It is done on a daily basis and is used to prepare the payroll for the employees. 4.2 Prepare a project plan for an activity and determine the critical path. Activities Order/Logic Time A Weigh Ingredients Complete first 1 mins B Mix Ingredients After A 3 mins C Cookies Rising time After B 60 mins D Prepare tins 1 min E Pre-heat oven F Roll dough in small flat circles After C and D 2 mins G 2nd set of cookies rising time After F 15 mins H Cooking time After E and G 45 mins Critical Path = A B C D E F G H 4.3 Use financial tools for decision making. Net Present Value (NPV) is a formula used to determine the present value of an investment by the discounted sum of all cash flows received from the project. The formula for the discounted sum of all cash flows can be rewritten as: To provide an example of Net Present Value, Deliciosos Bakery is determining whether they should invest in a new project. Deliciosos Bakery will expect to invest $800,000 for the development of their new business. The company estimates that the first year cash flow will be $300,000. The second year cash flow will be $400,000, and the third year cash flow to be $300,000. The expected return of 10% is used as the discount rate. The following table provides each years cash flow and the present value of each cash flow. Year Cash Flow Present Value 0 -$800,000 -$800,000 1 $200,000 $181,818.18 2 $300,000 $247,933.88 3 $200,000 $150,262.96 Net Presented Value = 219,984.18 Internal rate of return is the interest rate at which the netpresent valueof all thecashflows (both positive and negative) from a project orinvestmentequal zero. Formula: 0 = P0+ P1/(1+IRR) + P2/(1+IRR)2+ P3/(1+IRR)3+ . . . +Pn/(1+IRR)n Deliciosos Bakery wants to purchase a piece of factory equipment for $300,000. The equipment would only last three years, but it is expected to generate $150,000 of additional annualprofitduring those years. Deliciosos Bakery also thinks it can sell the equipment for scrap afterward for about $10,000. Using IRR, Deliciosos Bakery can determine whether the equipment purchase is a better use of itscashthan its otherinvestmentoptions, which should return about 10%. 0 = -$300,000 + ($150,000)/(1+.2431) + ($150,000)/(1+.2431)2+ ($150,000)/(1+.2431)3+ $10,000/(1+.2431)4 Theinvestments IRR is 24.31% Recommendations Conclusion References 1

The Rising Cost Of College Tuition - 855 Words

Since the inception of the new millennium children, teens, and young adults have been adapting to an abundance of new technology, education, and forms of government. There is no more time to be a child in today’s era it’s all about molding you into an adult as fast as possible. Millennial young adults face more obstacles than any other generation since the modern era. America is changing at a fast rate and is putting pressure on the coming young adults to become adults. Young adults now are facing many challenges like poverty, homelessness, and drugs. But millennial young adults are also very unique, they find ways to make money through new technology platforms, and are the most educated generation of all time. Young adults are experience a higher level of poverty than any other age group. Young adults have been suffering greatly due to the rising cost of education and living. The cost of college tuition makes it even harder for them to achieve financial assistance. The amount of student loans debt in America is roughly around one point eight trillion dollars. Factors like the minimum wage also make it harder for young adults to be able to sustain themselves and go to school, because if they cannot pay for school then they are not going to attend school. Employment earnings are also discouraging students from attending college. In the seventies people were able to work a job and make enough money to pay for your tuition. Young adults in the new millennium now face theShow MoreRelatedRising Cost Of College Tuition2509 Words   |  11 PagesPower, Privilege Rising Cost of College Tuition in the U.S The increasing cost of higher education in the United States has been a continuing topic for debate in recent decades. American society emphasizes the importance of education after high school, yet the cost of higher education and advanced degrees continually rises at a greater rate than inflation in the 1970’s. According to the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, cost factors prevent 48% of college-qualified high schoolRead MoreThe Rising Cost Of College Tuition976 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, the soaring cost of college tuition has angered many students and parents, leaving many wondering where they will come up with the funds to pay. While college is still a pretty sound investment for most career paths, the cost of an education has outpaced general inflation by almost double, leaving many families simply unable to shoulder the fiscal burden without incurring large amounts of debt. How did we get to where we are today? A big part of it has to do with how c olleges themselves haveRead MoreCollege Tuition And The Rising Cost Of Education Essay2116 Words   |  9 PagesCollege has been sold to the American people as the key to a better future. Complete the four-year degree program and watch oneself rise from the poverty of lower class to the white picket fence middle class dream. This may have been the case in the 1970’s, but college students today are facing over one trillion dollars in combined student loan debt (Denhart 3). In fact, the price of college has increased higher than any other good or service since 1978(Ivory Tower). With the cost of tuition skyrocketingRead MoreWhat are the Problems of Rising Cost in College Tuition?1323 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the Problems of Rising Cost in College Tuition? College fee is the main factor that depends on which institution of higher learning that a student is likely to join unless awarded a scholarship. It directly depends on one’s financial capability. The poor afford the cheap and less desirable intuitions that they can be able to afford while the rich can get access to high class type of education. Policies exist that govern the ability of institutions increasing their fees and at the sameRead MoreThe Rising Cost Of College Tuition And Student Debt1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe rising cost of college tuition and student debt is a necessary evil. Many students will gladly undertake the burden of having debt in order to attain what they seek the most, a college degree. A college degree is a prestigious accomplishment; a testament to a student’s iron will. It stands as a symbolic achievement, carrying the hopes and dreams of the families who didn’t have the opportunity to continue their education. Even if the United S tates manages to implement free college tuition andRead More Fighting Rising College Tuition Costs Essay2245 Words   |  9 Pagesuneven financial aid, or economy downfall: there are reasons all across the board as to why the cost of college tuition is getting out of hand. Envision a senior girl whose heart had been set on her dream college for years. An elite, honorable college where everyone seems to want to go. She has been telling her parents from an early age she was going to one day be a member. While on a visit to the college in late fall of her senior year, she fell in love with the beautiful campus which seemed toRead MoreThe Effects Of Rising Tuition On Students Choice Of Future Career Field1308 Words   |  6 Pagesof Rising Tuition Costs on Ferrum Students’ choice of future career field Christin C Hyslop Ferrum College Fall 2014 The Effects of Rising Tuition Costs on Ferrum Students’ choice of future career field Introduction Do rising tuition costs affect Ferrum College students’ choice of major? Descriptive research will be done to determine if there is a relationship between rising tuition costs and Ferrum College students’ choice in major. A sample set of students attending Ferrum College willRead MoreRising College Tuition in America661 Words   |  3 PagesRising College Tuition in America â€Å"College Prices Soar Again!† â€Å"Budget Cuts Cause Even Higher Tuition!† â€Å"Higher Education Now Even Less Affordable† These are all statements that have been seen all over the media: newspapers, magazines, television, and radio. (3 SV: SV) Rising college tuition in America has been a problem for years. Many students drop out after a single year due to the pricey costs of tuition. The rapid rise can be attributed to many aspects of the economy, not just a single sourceRead MoreCauses Of Student Debt902 Words   |  4 Pagesof factors including rising tuition, decreases in government funding, the shift to student loans, and increases in the overall costs of college. Unsurprisingly, the cost of college tuition has skyrocketed in recent years, contributing to rising student debt. Rising tuition costs are making this debt problem extremely worse: â€Å"The average list price for tuition and fees has risen 114 percent, to $9,410 in inflation-adjusted dollars, over the past 20 years† (Farish, 1). Tuition is usually a studentsRead MoreShould College Be A College Education?1614 Words   |  7 Pagesaccess to higher education. College is an incredibly integral step into adult-hood, and while there have been those that have seen large amounts of success without a college education, statistically speaking, you’ll be hard pressed to find a position in the field of work you prefer. Ironically, in today’s economy, you’ll be hard to pressed to find a job in your desired profession even with a college education. Over the years, college has seen unending rising tuition costs, largely in part to the economy

Leadership and Organizational Psychology Free Essays

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), a discretionary behavior that contribute to organizational effectiveness ( like helping coworkers) but are not part of an employees formal job description, is said to be determined by a number of individual differences and situational determinants (Robbins Judge, 2007, p.25). According to the studies conducted in OB, satisfied employees are more prone to go beyond their call of duty because they want to reciprocate their positive experiences to their co-workers or customers, in service oriented organizations. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Organizational Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now They would seem more likely to talk positively about the organization, help others, and go beyond the normal expectations in their job (Robbins Judge, 2007, p.25). The most important factor that is believed to be a large contributory to OCB, and in fact identified as its major determinant, is Job Satisfaction. In layman’s term, job satisfaction is simply linked with an employee’s favorable attitude towards his work. It has major facets namely: the work itself, pay, advancement opportunities, supervision and coworkers enjoying the work itself. These factors almost always have the strongest correlation to high levels of overall job satisfaction (Robbins Judge, 2007, p.23). In other words, most people prefer more challenging and stimulating work the predictable and routine ones. Common questions explored by researchers deal with the relationship of pay to job satisfaction. An interesting relationship between salary and job satisfaction reveals a correlation of the two for people who are poor or those who live in poor countries. However,   once an individual reaches a level of comfortable living ( in the United States, that occurs at about $ 40,000 a year, depending on the region and family size), the relationship virtually disappears. In fact, findings of one study show that people who earn $ 80,000 are on average, no happier with their jobs than those who earn close to $ 40,000. This means that overall job satisfaction is not only linked with pay but with other factors as well (Robbins Judge, 2007, p.23). One identified area where satisfaction might differ concerns an individual’s personality. Some people are predisposed to like almost anything, and others are unhappy even in the seemingly greatest jobs. According to research findings, people who have a negative personality, those who tend to be grumpy, critical, and negative, are usually less satisfied with their jobs. One study, using the Neutral Objects Satisfaction Questionnaire,   found that nurses who were dissatisfied with the majority of the items on the list were also dissatisfied with their jobs and this is not surprising (Robbins Judge, 2007, p.24). The effects of an employee’s satisfaction and dissatisfaction in the workplace manifest when employees like their jobs and when they do not. A review of 300 studies suggested that the correlation between job satisfaction and job performance is pretty strong. Moreover, when the organization level was explored by comparing satisfaction and productivity data, results revealed that organizations with more satisfied employees tend to be more effective than organizations with fewer satisfied employees (Robbins Judge, 2007, p.24). How one perceives an organization is also a determinant of OCB. If an employee perceives it as supportive, he is more likely to show positive attitude towards work. According to research findings, an organization is considered as supportive when the rewards are deemed fair; employees have a voice in the decision making, and when their supervisors are seen as supportive. An employee may engage or involve himself more openly in the organization’s undertakings and show more enthusiasm for the work he does, if he has felt and experienced the organization’s support, if he sees the availability of resources and the opportunities to learn new skills, if he feels that his work is important and meaningful and if he considers his interactions with his coworkers and supervisors as rewarding (Robbins Judge, 2007, p.21). Several studies have tried to link high job involvement with high job satisfaction. Similarly, they have tried to explore the correlation of high perceived organizational support with strong organizational commitment. Evidence suggests that these attitudes are highly related, perhaps to a troubling degree. The correlation between perceived organizational support and affective commitment is very strong but, is feared also to be a result of. redundancy in predictive variables. While there is some measure of distinctiveness among these attitudes, they do overlap greatly and the overlap may exist for various reasons, including the employee’s personality. Some people are predisposed to be positive or negative about almost everything. For example, if someone tells you she loves her company, it is also possible that she is positive about everything else in her life. It is also possible that the overlap is due to the fact that some organizations are just all around better places to work than the others (Robbins Judge, 2007, p.22). Early discussions of OCB assumed that it was closely linked with satisfaction. However, more recent evidence suggests the other way around. Job satisfaction influences OCB, but through perceptions of fairness. In fact, a modest overall relationship exists between job satisfaction and OCB, but satisfaction is unrelated to OCB when fairness is controlled for. This means that basically, job satisfaction comes down to conceptions of fair outcomes, treatment, and procedures. For example, if you do not feel that your supervisor, the organizations procedures, or pay policies are fair; your job satisfaction is likely to be significantly affected. However, when you perceive organizational processes and outcomes to be fair, you develop trust and when you trust your employer, you are more willing to voluntarily engage in behaviors that go beyond your formal job requirements (Robbins Judge, 2007, p.25). In service jobs where employees often interact with customers, job satisfaction and customer satisfaction is closely linked. Since the management of service organizations is concerned with pleasing their customers to increase loyalty, values linked with customer satisfaction are being introduced, instilled and strictly implemented among employees. Especially for frontline employees who have regular contact with customers. Research  Ã‚   evidence indicates that satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. This is because in service organizations, customer retention and defection are highly dependent on how frontline employees deal with customers. Satisfied employees are more likely to be friendly, upbeat, and responsive to customer’s needs, which customers themselves appreciate. Because satisfied employees are less prone to turnover, customers are more likely to encounter familiar faces and receive experienced service.   These qualities build customer satisfaction and loyalty.   Similarly, dissatisfied customers can increase an employee’s job dissatisfaction.   Employees who have regular contact with rude, thoughtless, unreasonably demanding and often irate customers adversely affect the employees’ job satisfaction (Robbins Judge, 2007, p.26). OCB, based on the related literature, is determined by several factors namely: the employee’s level of job satisfaction, his personality, how he perceives the organization and his actual experiences at work. References Robbins, Stephen P. and Timothy A. Judge. (2007). Essentials of Organizational Behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (9th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.       How to cite Leadership and Organizational Psychology, Essay examples

Annotated Wuthering Heights of University - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Annotated Wuthering Heights of University. Answer: Jane Harrison has presented three generations of women in Rainbows End: Nan Dear-- the matriarch, Gladys, her daughter who is in her 40s and Gladys daughter Dolly, who is in her 20s. The presenting of three generations has been done with a ployto show the positioning of the dreams in the minds of colonized aboriginal folk in the course of three generations. Nan dear is still in the half-dreamy state, just out of the myths and still a long way from rebelling against colonization, although there is a voice in her that makes the readers realize that she is indignant: They forced us to leave. Forced us to leave Cummeragunja. Our home (Harrison 2007). A conflict is noted in her when it is seen that although she does not know what to do, her dream of living and dying in her native land persists in her, and she lives in and admits to her presence in the two states (the mythical land of her forefathers and the rut she is in, on the banks of Murray) simultaneously and teaches her generations that this is a mandate, and that this is what takes to become an aboriginal. This can remind the reader of Frantz Fanon, and the forefathers he spoke of, who only listened to the voice of the colonizers since they had not been taught or directed to speak. As Sartre said, she belonged to the golden age of the colonizers. They have no language of their own, and are very similar to Becketts characters in Waiting for Godot, and they say, nothing to be done (or actually said), because precisely, history is dead (as said Baudrillard). The characters in Rainbows End are further removed from the state of awareness because another facet comes into play herethe gender issue. They are women, and thus they are only expected to raise children and get the household work done. Where is the scope for them to actually discover? Even in her dreams, Gladys sees the queen and instead of the garland of flower that she intended to put around her neck, she finds it to be made of weed. There are several ot her examples where it is seen how the society sees the aborigines, especially in the radio episode, and it cannot be helped quoting Sartre to put this equation in other words, it is not a bad idea for once to award the Prix Goncourt to a Negro which pretty much puts the reward giveaways in proportion. Dolly, as seen, has an eye for the awakening of her consciousness when Ellen (interestingly, a white guy) enters the scene and offers her an encyclopaedia. But again, Nan is more aware than Gladys, in her discovery, rather than Gladys who reacts by saying They are only possessions not dreams. What matters is the people and not possessions when the encyclopaedia is damaged in the flood ((Harrison 2007)). Dolly is in the level of transition in her quest for discovery about the rights of the aboriginals because she learns from Ellen that if anything matters, it is she and not where she came from. There was nobody to teach Gladys this, and thus she becomes our main character here, and she is found retorting (a proof of her discovery) to the chairman, delightfullyIm not an interloper- I belong here-this is my land! and thus the Rumbalara becomes a symbol of wish fulfilment (Harrison 2007). Bringing things into this context, Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights seems to be a nice parallel to this text. The hero of the novel Heathcliff, is the personification of the Marxist hero turning into a Capitalist villain, as said Terry Eagleton. He is found embroiling himself into the game of acquiring, and soon, his love for Catherine is overpowered by his greed for vengeance, which is instilled in him by the rampant capitalism around him that he has experienced since childhood. But one speech at the fag-end of the novel, in a heart-rendering way, sums up Heathcliffs discovery that death and love were the bare bones of humanity, and not CapitalismI got the sexton, who was digging Lintons grave, to remove the earth off her coffin lid, and I opened it. I thought, once, I would have stayed there, when I saw her face again ( Bront 2014). Thus it is in the discovery of life and humanity beyond capitalism that only teaches acquiring, do these two texts mingle harmoniously. References: Jane Harrison, (2007) Rainbows end. 1st ed. Bront, E., 2014.The Annotated Wuthering Heights. Harvard University Press.